The Koningin Emma brought 94 Javanese workers to Suriname. Recruitment from Java extended colonial labor across the empire to sustain plantations after emancipation. Workers built lasting...
Indian and Javanese contract workers stopped work over low pay and labor conditions at the Netherlands Trading Society estate. Their protest challenged a labor regime that replaced slavery with...
After weeks of protest, workers confronted estate management and director James Mavor was killed. Colonial records framed the event as disorder; it arose in a plantation labor system dependent on...
