A privateer delivered captive Africans to Point Comfort in August 1619, where colonists exchanged food for them. This often-cited arrival is not the beginning of African presence in the Americas,...
A census of the Chama Valley listed enslaved people by estate and recorded marriages, children, and family ties. It also noted spouses living in Mérida or on another property, showing how ownership...
Pedro Hernández Galarza’s census in the Valle de los Bobures listed enslaved people by estate, naming people identified as Angola, Congo, Matamba, Malemba, and locally born. The document reports sixty...
The assembly ordered owners to register separate huts in Spanish Town, Port Royal and Kingston and report which enslaved people lived there. It required enclosures and allowed officials to demolish...
