German authorities forcibly expelled thousands of Jews who held Polish citizenship, many of whom had lived in Germany for years. Poland initially refused many entry, leaving families stranded at the...
After a Nazi-organized pogrom began on the night of November 9–10, synagogues were burned, Jewish businesses and homes destroyed, and Jewish people assaulted and killed. Police and fire services...
A state-orchestrated pogrom on the night of 9-10 November destroyed synagogues, shops, homes, and community institutions; Jewish people were murdered and tens of thousands arrested and sent to...
