Famine killed a very large number of people, with estimates commonly reaching into the millions. Wartime requisitions, Japanese and French policies, transport disruption, crop failures and unequal...
French authorities executed Ahmed Zabana and Abdelkader Ferradj in Algiers. Their executions became a defining moment for the liberation movement and intensified Algerian opposition to colonial...
In a referendum on Charles de Gaulle’s proposed French Community, Guinean voters overwhelmingly rejected continued association with France. Sékou Touré’s campaign made the vote a direct choice for...
