Nguyễn dynasty

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French-Spanish forces attack Da Nang

📅 1 September 1858

French and Spanish forces attacked Da Nang (Tourane), beginning the French conquest of Vietnam. The invasion was driven by imperial expansion and claims of protecting Catholic missions; Vietnamese...

Treaty of Saigon cedes southern territory to France

📅 5 Juni 1862

After military defeats, the Nguyễn court signed a treaty ceding three southern provinces and Saigon to France and opening ports to French trade. It formalized a major loss of Vietnamese sovereignty.

Treaty of Huế imposes French protectorate

📅 25 Augustus 1883

The Harmand Treaty placed the Nguyễn court under French control. The court later signed a revised protectorate treaty in 1884. French rule expanded through coercion while Vietnamese anti-colonial...

Bảo Đại signs an abdication declaration

📅 24 Augustus 1945

Bảo Đại signed a declaration relinquishing the throne as the August Revolution advanced. The declaration date and the later public ceremony are distinct moments in the transition. The end of the...

Bảo Đại formally abdicates in Huế

📅 30 Augustus 1945

At a public ceremony in Huế, Bảo Đại transferred the imperial seals and sword to representatives of the revolutionary government. This formalized the monarchy’s end, though it did not by itself settle...