Spartacus group

Detayenan

Liña di tempu di e Organisashon

The Spartacus group emerges from the anti-war opposition

📅 1916

The network adopts the Spartacus name and circulates political letters against the war. The group remains a small minority in a society where military command, censorship and nationalist...

The Junius Pamphlet is published under a pseudonym

📅 April 1916

Printed in Switzerland as The Crisis of Social Democracy, the work circulates despite wartime censorship. The pseudonym “Junius” protects its author while placing the pamphlet in an international...

Luxemburg is imprisoned for anti-war organizing

📅 10 Yüli 1916

She is held in Berlin, later transferred to Wronki and Breslau, remaining imprisoned until the revolution in November 1918. Her imprisonment removes a leading voice from public organizing but...

Luxemburg drafts The Russian Revolution in prison

📅 1918

Her manuscript praises the Bolsheviks’ break with imperial war and landlordism but criticizes the suppression of political pluralism and the restriction of democratic life. The argument insists that...

Revolution releases Luxemburg from prison

📅 9 Novèmber 1918

The German Revolution ends her detention and brings workers’ and soldiers’ councils into public political life. Luxemburg returns to Berlin and commits herself to a socialist transformation led by...