Historische Organisatie
Republic of Haiti
Republic of Haiti
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Tijdlijn van de Organisatie
Haiti declares independence
đź“… 1 Januari 1804Haiti declared independence after defeating French forces. It became the first independent Black republic and the only state created through a successful revolution by enslaved people. France later...
The 1807 Constitution formalizes Haiti’s political division
📅 17 Februari 1807After the conflict following Dessalines’s assassination, Henri Christophe’s northern State of Haiti adopted a constitution on 17 February 1807, while Alexandre Pétion’s southern and western Republic...
PĂ©tion receives SimĂłn BolĂvar and pledges Haitian support
đź“… 2 Januari 1816President Alexandre PĂ©tion received SimĂłn BolĂvar in Haiti after the independence struggle in Venezuela had suffered setbacks. Haiti offered refuge and promised material support for a renewed...
Haiti aids BolĂvar’s Los Cayos expedition
đź“… 31 Maart 1816The expedition sailed from Los Cayos, Haiti, on 31 March 1816 to renew the independence struggle in Spanish America. Haitian authorities and communities provided refuge, logistical support, and...
Haiti’s 1816 Constitution reaffirms abolition
📅 2 Juni 1816The revised Constitution of 1806 was approved at Grand-Goâve on 2 June 1816. Article 1 stated that slavery could not exist in the Republic and was forever abolished. The constitutional guarantee...
Henry Christophe dies as the northern kingdom enters crisis
đź“… 8 Oktober 1820After illness, paralysis, and growing opposition, Henry Christophe died on 8 October 1820 as unrest spread through the northern kingdom. His death opened the way for the northern state to rejoin the...
Boyer enters Cap-HaĂŻtien and reunifies northern and southern Haiti
📅 26 Oktober 1820Jean-Pierre Boyer entered Cap-Haïtien and issued a proclamation calling for national unity after Christophe’s death and the collapse of the northern monarchy. The northern state joined the republic,...
Boyer’s proclamation declares emancipation across the unified island
📅 9 Februari 1822On 9 February 1822, Haitian president Jean-Pierre Boyer issued a proclamation announcing the union of the eastern departments of Cibao and Ozama with the Republic of Haiti. It stated that “on this...
France recognizes Haiti under a coercive indemnity ordinance
📅 17 April 1825Charles X’s ordinance recognized Haiti’s independence while requiring Haiti to pay 150 million francs in five annual installments to compensate former colonists for property losses. The ordinance...
Charles X conditions recognition of Haitian independence on a colonial indemnity
đź“… 17 April 1825By royal ordinance, Charles X offered recognition of Haitian independence on condition that Haiti pay 150 million francs to former French colonists, many of whom had enslaved people, and grant...
Charles X issues an ordinance tying French recognition to an indemnity
📅 17 April 1825King Charles X’s ordinance of 17 April 1825 offered diplomatic recognition of Haiti on condition that the Haitian state pay 150 million francs to compensate former colonists for property lost...
Haitian Senate registers the 1825 agreement under naval pressure
đź“… 11 Juli 1825On 8 July, President Boyer accepted the French terms while requesting revisions; the Senate registered the commitment on 11 July. A French squadron carrying hundreds of cannon had threatened a...
Haiti accepts the indemnity under pressure from a French fleet
đź“… 11 Juli 1825President Jean-Pierre Boyer accepted the French terms on 11 July after negotiations conducted under the threat of a naval force. France recognized Haitian independence, but Haiti was required to...
Haiti and France sign a new treaty over the independence indemnity
đź“… 12 Februari 1838The treaty signed in Port-au-Prince on 12 February 1838 recognized Haiti as a free, sovereign, and independent state while restructuring the indemnity imposed in 1825. Its first article fixed the...
France and Haiti revise the independence indemnity but retain the debt
đź“… 12 Februari 1838The treaty signed at Port-au-Prince reduced the remaining indemnity owed by Haiti to 60 million francs and set a long repayment schedule. It confirmed Haitian sovereignty in formal diplomatic terms...
The 1843 Constitution reasserts republican rights
đź“… 30 December 1843Promulgated on 30 December 1843, the constitution followed a revolution against Jean-Pierre Boyer and attempted to reorganize republican government. It belongs to a period of repeated constitutional...
Dominican independence ends the Haitian unification period
đź“… 27 Februari 1844On 27 February 1844, Dominican independence was proclaimed, ending the 1822 political union with Haiti. The break followed years of political and social conflict, including disputes over...
Haiti’s Constitution declares slavery forever abolished and cancels slave-purchase debts
đź“… 14 November 1846The Constitution dated 14 November 1846 stated in Article 8 that slavery was forever abolished and in Article 9 that any debt contracted to acquire people was extinguished forever. These provisions...
Haiti approves a law inviting people of African descent to immigrate
đź“… 27 Augustus 1860A Haitian law dated 27 August 1860 established an immigration program for people of African or Indigenous descent, including Black people in the United States facing slavery and racial violence. The...
The last U.S. Marines leave Haiti
đź“… 15 Augustus 1934The final contingent of U.S. Marines withdrew from Haiti on 15 August 1934, ending the nineteen-year military occupation. The transfer followed prolonged Haitian opposition, including rural...
Haiti ratifies the ILO Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour
đź“… 19 Juli 2007Haiti ratified ILO Convention No. 182 on the worst forms of child labour on 19 July 2007. The convention requires urgent action against slavery-like practices, trafficking, forced or compulsory...
Haiti publishes a law to combat trafficking in persons
📅 2 Juni 2014Haiti’s Law No. CL/2014-0010 was published in the official gazette Le Moniteur on 2 June 2014. It established measures to prevent trafficking, prosecute offenders, and protect survivors, addressing...