Historische Organisatie
Egypt
Egypt
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Britain declares Egyptian independence with reservations
📅 28 Februari 1922Britain formally ended the protectorate and declared Egypt independent, while reserving control over defense, imperial communications, foreign interests, and Sudan. The declaration followed the mass...
Egypt and Israel sign an armistice that leaves Palestine unresolved
📅 24 Februari 1949Egypt and Israel signed an armistice agreement under UN mediation. It ended active fighting between the two forces and set a military line, while the agreement expressly treated the line as...
Israeli invasion begins the Suez Crisis
📅 29 Oktober 1956Israel invaded Egypt, followed by British and French military intervention. The attack on a recently nationalized canal demonstrated how former imperial powers sought to retain control over...
Israel, Britain, and France invade Egypt during the Suez Crisis
📅 29 Oktober 1956Israel invaded Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula, followed by British and French attacks framed as intervention to secure the canal. Egypt resisted the assault, and international pressure and UN action...
Soviet government threatens intervention during the Suez Crisis
📅 5 November 1956As Britain, France, and Israel attacked Egypt after Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, the Soviet Union threatened military action and called for a halt. The episode let Moscow present...
UN-mandated ceasefire halts the Suez invasion
📅 6 November 1956A ceasefire took effect after UN diplomacy and pressure from the United States and Soviet Union forced Britain, France, and Israel to stop military operations and withdraw. The crisis marked a shift...
Egypt intervenes on behalf of the republic
📅 Oktober 1962Egypt sent troops to support the new republican government after appeals from Yemeni leaders. Egyptian intervention transformed a Yemeni revolution into a wider regional war and brought large-scale...
Six-Day War begins
📅 5 Juni 1967Israel launched attacks on Egypt, Jordan and Syria, beginning a war that resulted in occupation of additional Palestinian and Arab territories. The conflict intensified NAM’s support for Palestinian...
Six-Day War begins
📅 5 Juni 1967Israel launched attacks against Egypt, Syria, and Jordan. The USSR supported Arab governments diplomatically and supplied arms, while regional societies and Palestinians bore the consequences of...
War begins and Israel occupies additional Arab territories
📅 5 Juni 1967War began between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Israel took control of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, Gaza, Sinai, and the Golan Heights. For Palestinians, the occupation deepened...
Ceasefire ends the Six-Day War
📅 10 Juni 1967A ceasefire halted the fighting, leaving Israel in control of the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, East Jerusalem and Golan Heights. For NAM states, the occupation reinforced the links among...
Soviet Union severs diplomatic relations with Israel
📅 10 Juni 1967Moscow broke relations with Israel during the war and pressed for a ceasefire and Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories. Soviet policy aligned with Arab states but remained shaped by Cold War...
Soviet Union and Egypt sign a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation
📅 27 Mei 1971The treaty formalized political and military cooperation between the Soviet Union and Egypt under Anwar Sadat. Cairo pursued its own regional and postcolonial agenda; the relationship was strategic...
Cairo Agreement sets a ceasefire and a unity framework
📅 28 Oktober 1972The two governments signed an agreement calling for force withdrawals, reopening the shared border, refugee return, a ban on hostile acts and work toward a unified state. The agreement created a...
October War begins
📅 6 Oktober 1973Egypt and Syria launched a war to recover territory occupied by Israel in 1967. The USSR resupplied Arab states while the United States supported Israel; regional peoples’ claims and security needs...
Geneva Middle East peace conference opens
📅 21 December 1973The conference convened the USSR and United States with Egypt and Israel after the October War. The limited format left Palestinian representation contested and showed how superpower diplomacy could...
Egypt-brokered Gaza truce begins
📅 19 Juni 2008A ceasefire between Israel and Palestinian armed groups in Gaza takes effect. Reuters documents civilian hopes for respite and resumption of fishing and ordinary economic activity.
Egypt-brokered calm expires
📅 19 December 2008The Egyptian-negotiated calm ends amid renewed rocket fire and military escalation. OCHA identifies its expiry as part of the immediate context of the December offensive; responsibility for...
Egypt-brokered Gaza ceasefire takes effect
📅 21 November 2012A ceasefire mediated by Egypt takes effect after eight days of hostilities in Gaza and southern Israel. Humanitarian needs remain substantial.
Open-ended Gaza ceasefire takes effect
📅 26 Augustus 2014An Egyptian-brokered open-ended ceasefire entered into force at 19:00 local time, ending 50 days of major hostilities. Gaza faced extensive destruction and displacement.
Egypt-mediated ceasefire ends August Gaza fighting
📅 7 Augustus 2022An Egypt-mediated ceasefire took effect following three days of fighting between Israel and Palestinian Islamic Jihad in Gaza. UN humanitarian reporting documented civilian deaths and damage,...
Qatar announces temporary pause and exchange agreement
📅 22 November 2023Qatar announced an agreement between Israel and Hamas for a temporary pause in fighting and a phased exchange of hostages held in Gaza for Palestinian prisoners held in Israeli prisons, with increased...
Four-day pause takes effect and first hostage-prisoner exchange begins
📅 24 November 2023A temporary pause in fighting began, enabling the first exchange under the Israel-Hamas agreement. On the first day, 13 Israeli hostages were released from Gaza and 39 Palestinian women and children...
Fighting resumes after temporary pause ends
📅 1 December 2023The temporary pause ended after extensions and additional exchanges. Israeli bombardment and ground operations resumed, while Israel said Hamas had violated the pause terms. Palestinians in Gaza faced...
Gaza ceasefire agreement announced
📅 15 Januari 2025Israel and Hamas reached an agreement on a phased ceasefire and hostage/prisoner releases, mediated by Qatar, Egypt and the United States.
Ceasefire and hostage-release agreement for Gaza is announced
📅 15 Januari 2025Qatar announced an agreement between Israel and Hamas, mediated with Egypt and the United States. The planned first phase included a ceasefire, hostage and prisoner releases, and increased aid. The...
Egypt, Qatar and the United States announce a ceasefire and exchange agreement
📅 15 Januari 2025The three mediators announced an agreement between Israel and Hamas on 15 January, expected to take effect on 19 January. The first 42-day phase included a ceasefire, exchanges of hostages and...
UN experts urge justice, aid and Palestinian self-determination as bombing continues
📅 17 Januari 2025UN experts urged all parties to accept and implement the agreement, called for humanitarian aid and justice, and stressed Palestinian self-determination. They condemned continued Israeli bombing after...
Arab League adopts an Egyptian-Palestinian Gaza recovery and reconstruction plan
📅 4 Maart 2025The extraordinary Arab summit in Cairo endorsed a plan for early recovery and reconstruction while rejecting displacement of Palestinians from their land. It offered a regional political alternative...
Iran and IAEA agree Cairo procedures for safeguards work
📅 9 September 2025The IAEA reported that its Director General and Iran’s foreign minister signed a Cairo agreement setting procedures for inspections, notifications and safeguards implementation at declared facilities....
Gaza ceasefire agreement is announced
📅 9 Oktober 2025Mediators announced an agreement to secure a ceasefire and hostage release. The UN welcomed the announcement and offered to scale up relief. The agreement opened a fragile pause, while occupation,...
Sharm el-Sheikh Peace Summit backs implementation of Gaza agreement
📅 13 Oktober 2025Egypt and the United States co-chaired a summit on implementing the agreement to end the war in Gaza. NAM’s later Palestine declaration welcomed the summit but stressed that lasting peace required...
Security Council adopts Resolution 2803 on Gaza
📅 17 November 2025The Security Council endorsed the Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict and authorized arrangements for a transitional governance administration and an International Stabilization Force. The...
National Committee for the Administration of Gaza holds inaugural meeting
📅 15 Januari 2026The NCAG held its inaugural meeting in Cairo and began planning for Gaza’s stabilization, recovery, and reconstruction. The committee was presented as a Palestinian technocratic body intended to...
Rafah crossing reopens for limited movement of people
📅 2 Februari 2026Rafah reopened for limited pedestrian movement for the first time in nearly eleven months. Patients were evacuated for treatment abroad and some Palestinians who had left during the war were permitted...
OHCHR reports ill-treatment of Palestinians returning through Rafah
📅 5 Februari 2026OHCHR said returnees had described coercive interrogations, degrading treatment, confiscation of belongings, and, in some accounts, denial of medical care and basic facilities during transit. It...
Regional escalation closes Gaza crossings and pauses medical evacuations
📅 28 Februari 2026Following the escalation of regional hostilities, crossings and humanitarian movements were disrupted. OCHA later reported that medical evacuations through Rafah and transfers through other...
Rafah reopens again after regional escalation pauses evacuations
📅 19 Maart 2026Rafah reopened for limited movement in both directions after being closed during the regional escalation that began on 28 February. Medical evacuations and return movements resumed, though the route...