Treaty of Brest-Litovsk removes Russia from the war

The British government expressed support for a Jewish national home in Palestine while stating that the rights of existing non-Jewish communities should not be prejudiced. Palestinians had no...

Bolsheviks took power in Petrograd amid mass opposition to the war, land inequality, and hunger. The revolution led to Russia’s withdrawal from the war and inspired socialist movements worldwide,...

The influenza pandemic spread through a world reorganized by troop movements, crowded camps, censorship, and disrupted public health. Its exact mortality remains debated, but it killed millions...

President Woodrow Wilson presented a program including open diplomacy, national self-determination, and a League of Nations. The principles inspired colonized and stateless peoples, but Wilson’s...

The Act granted the vote to women over 30 who met property or educational qualifications, while most men over 21 gained the vote. Women’s wartime labor and decades of suffrage activism shaped the...

Bulgaria’s armistice after Allied advances on the Salonika front weakened the Central Powers and helped trigger political upheaval at home. Soldiers mutinied and the monarchy faced crisis. The...

The Ottoman government signed an armistice that required demobilization, Allied access to strategic facilities, and the surrender of garrisons in Arab provinces. It ended Ottoman combat in the war but...

The armistice signed near Padua ended Austria-Hungary’s participation in the war and accelerated the empire’s disintegration. National councils declared new states, while the settlement left border...

Mass strikes and sailors’ mutinies spread into a revolution. The Kaiser abdicated and a republic was proclaimed. The upheaval reflected exhaustion, hunger, military defeat, and labor resistance; the...

The armistice took effect at 11 a.m. on 11 November. It ended major fighting between the Allies and Germany but did not settle the political, social, and imperial conflicts that had produced the...