West New Guinea remains under Dutch rule after the sovereignty transfer

Sukarno, Hatta, and other leaders returned after their release, restoring the Republican government’s presence in its capital. Their return followed sustained diplomatic work and Indonesian armed...

The cease-hostilities order became effective in Java at midnight on 10–11 August; in Sumatra it took effect at midnight on 14–15 August. It followed years of Indonesian resistance and international...

Dutch, Republican, and federal-state delegations began negotiations over the transfer of sovereignty. The talks addressed the future of the archipelago, but West New Guinea was excluded from the...

The parties agreed to transfer sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia while leaving West New Guinea under Dutch control for later negotiation. The settlement ended Dutch sovereignty over most...

The transfer formally ended Dutch sovereignty over most of the former Dutch East Indies after a revolution and war. West New Guinea was explicitly excluded, leaving Papuans under Dutch colonial rule...

President Sukarno announced the return to a unitary Republic of Indonesia. The federal structure had been established during Dutch negotiations and military pressure; its dissolution expressed...

The Charter reorganized the Kingdom after Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles gained internal self-government. It described the partners as countries within one Kingdom, but key matters such as...

The Charter was solemnly proclaimed in The Hague, Willemstad, and Paramaribo. Its language of partnership marked a constitutional shift, but it did not give Suriname or the Antilles full sovereignty...

Labor actions against Dutch-owned companies escalated after the Netherlands refused to transfer West New Guinea. Indonesian law later treated 3 December 1957 as the effective date for...

Indonesia ended diplomatic relations as the dispute over Dutch-held West New Guinea intensified. The rupture followed the incomplete 1949 transfer and Indonesia’s demand that the territory be...