Spanish garrison capitulates to the Dutch

A WIC fleet landed near Olinda and Recife, beginning a major invasion of Portuguese Brazil. Dutch plans to seize sugar wealth relied on plantation production sustained by enslaved Africans, while...

Dutch troops took Olinda after landing in Pernambuco. The seizure was part of the WIC campaign to control the region’s sugar economy and ports. Its colonial project intensified violence over land...

The WIC occupied Recife, a key harbor and commercial center. The port became the base of Dutch rule in northeastern Brazil and a node in Atlantic sugar and slave-trading networks. Its strategic...

The WIC authorized a campaign to seize Curaçao from Spain. The decision was part of a wider project to control Caribbean ports, shipping, and strategic routes. Curaçao would later become a major Dutch...

Johan van Walbeeck’s WIC expedition took control of Curaçao. The conquest brought the island into a Dutch imperial system built around military power and Atlantic commerce. Indigenous Caquetío...

The Portuguese garrison agreed to surrender Elmina Castle to the Dutch. The fort became a major center of Dutch trade and, later, the transatlantic slave trade. Its history must be read through...

VOC forces seized Batticaloa from the Portuguese with support from the Kingdom of Kandy. The alliance reflected Kandy’s own strategy against Portuguese power; Dutch expansion then used the foothold to...

The Kingdom of Kandy and the VOC agreed to cooperate against Portuguese rule. Kandy was an active diplomatic and military partner pursuing its own goals. Dutch assistance later enabled a new...

The VOC took Trincomalee’s Portuguese fort, gaining a strategically important harbor. The conquest formed part of an alliance with Kandy but also expanded Dutch military and commercial power along the...

A four-day naval engagement between Dutch and Portuguese forces began off Pernambuco. The contest concerned control of Brazilian ports and sugar exports in a colony where plantation wealth rested on...