India conducts its first nuclear test

The Chilean armed forces overthrew Allende, whose elected government had pursued socialist reforms. Moscow had provided limited economic support and maintained diplomatic relations; Chileans faced...

The USSR severed relations with the new military government after the coup. The action condemned the regime diplomatically, but did not halt repression; the limits of Soviet support for Chile’s...

Egypt and Syria launched a war to recover territory occupied by Israel in 1967. The USSR resupplied Arab states while the United States supported Israel; regional peoples’ claims and security needs...

The resolution called for a ceasefire and implementation of Resolution 242, leading toward negotiations. The USSR and United States supported it, but Palestinians were not represented as an equal...

The conference convened the USSR and United States with Egypt and Israel after the October War. The limited format left Palestinian representation contested and showed how superpower diplomacy could...

Military officers deposed Emperor Haile Selassie amid popular unrest, peasant demands, labor organizing, and student protest. The USSR was not the author of the revolution; later Soviet alignment with...

The leaders agreed on broad limits for strategic offensive weapons as a basis for further negotiations. The framework advanced détente but remained a bargain between nuclear powers whose decisions...

Portugal and the MPLA, FNLA, and UNITA agreed on a transition to independence. The movements had distinct social bases and competing political visions; the accord soon collapsed as foreign...

The Khmer Rouge captured the capital after years of civil war and U.S. bombing. Cambodian people faced forced evacuation and a radical regime; Soviet policy and support for other Cambodian factions...

The fall of Saigon ended the Republic of Vietnam and completed the reunification process under the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Soviet material support mattered, but Vietnamese people and movements...