West models the shape of Earth

The Indian mental calculator became internationally famous for rapidly performing difficult arithmetic without electronic aids.

Her demonstrations made large-number operations visible and exciting to mass audiences across many countries.

She built authority outside a conventional academic research path, raising questions about mental skill, education and mathematical culture.

Her books included puzzles, popular mathematics and an early Indian study arguing for understanding rather than criminalizing homosexuality.

West became a mathematician and programmer whose geodetic models contributed to the technology underlying GPS.

Orbit calculations, error correction and large datasets were essential long before a navigation device could report a position.

West's contribution remained little known publicly for decades, illustrating how technical teamwork can hide key individuals.

The large electronic computer demonstrated that many numerical procedures could be executed at unprecedented speed.

Six women translated mathematical problems into switch settings, cable connections and operation sequences, yet were long omitted from accounts.

The machine was commissioned for artillery tables, connecting mathematical innovation with military power.