International media gain direct access to Khomeini

After nearly thirteen years in Iraq, he left when authorities made continued political activity impossible.

Border authorities denied him admission, preventing relocation to another neighboring Muslim country.

The attempted move drew attention to efforts by regional governments to contain the Iranian revolutionary message.

The failed entry into Kuwait led his circle to choose a location with greater access to international media.

His arrival in France unexpectedly placed the exiled leader within reach of global journalists and Iranian activists abroad.

Telephone links, cassettes and visiting supporters accelerated communication with the movement.

The move to France expanded rather than reduced Khomeini's political influence.

The village outside Paris became the principal public center of the revolutionary leadership in exile.

Religious, nationalist and student currents traveled to France for consultation and coordination.

Messages called for strikes, unity and the removal of the Shah rather than compromise with his government.