đź“… 2 March 1926
The Étoile Nord-Africaine (ENA) developed from North African migrant organising in France into a political organisation opposing colonial domination. Algerian workers and migrants built networks...
đź“… 20 June 1926
The ENA’s constituent general assembly formalised an organisation built by North African activists and workers in France. It advanced political claims that challenged colonial rule and the limits of...
đź“… 26 January 1937
The French government dissolved the ENA, an anticolonial organisation that had mobilised North African workers and called attention to colonial inequality. The move constrained political association...
đź“… 11 March 1937
After the dissolution of the ENA, Messali Hadj and supporters formed the Parti du peuple algérien (PPA). The new party carried forward anticolonial organisation among Algerians in France and...
đź“… 8 May 1945
On the day France celebrated victory over Nazi Germany, Algerian demonstrators in SĂ©tif, Guelma, and nearby towns called for rights and independence. Police violence and attacks on civilians were...
