Historical Organization
Ettela'at
The newspaper Ettela'at printed an article portraying Ayatollah Khomeini as a foreign-backed reactionary. Revolution supporters saw it as a state-directed insult intended to discredit religious...
Seminary networks in Qom treated the article as an attack on both Khomeini and the independence of the religious establishment.
The article spread rapidly among students and clerics, helping turn outrage into organized protest.
Instead of isolating Khomeini, the publication renewed public attention to his opposition to monarchy and foreign domination.
