WIC

A poor maize harvest prompts a purchase of small corn

Thousands of trees are cut at Porto Marie

A governor records racialized judgments about Loango people

Drought begins a period of severe food scarcity

The market value of enslaved people falls sharply

A maize shortage drives prices higher

The Gelderland arrives from Elmina with 146 captive Africans

Sixty-one people from the Gelderland cargo are auctioned

New arrivals enter plantations where 277 people are already enslaved

A large depot building burns at Hato

A plantation factor is attacked during a work inspection

A group leaves St. Marie after the attack

The group moves toward the factor’s house

The uprising reaches Porto Marie

The colonial government orders eighty Minase people detained

Colonial officials begin capturing people accused of revolt

Van Beuningen writes to the Amsterdam directors about punishment

A second letter records the cost of capturing the accused

Britain declares war on the Dutch Republic

The declaration opened the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and exposed the vulnerability of Dutch colonial trade and overseas settlements. Britain targeted Dutch shipping and possessions as part of a global...