Historical Organization
Government of Israel
Government of Israel
Details
Organization Timeline
Israeli agents capture Adolf Eichmann in Argentina
📅 11 May 1960Israeli agents captured Adolf Eichmann, a central organizer of deportations, in Buenos Aires and brought him to Israel for trial. The operation raised questions about Argentina’s sovereignty and the...
Eichmann trial opens in Jerusalem
📅 11 April 1961The trial of Adolf Eichmann opened in Jerusalem. Prosecutors presented documents and extensive survivor testimony, bringing witnesses’ accounts into international public view. The proceedings helped...
Israel executes Adolf Eichmann
📅 1 June 1962Eichmann was hanged after his conviction and appeals. His trial and execution did not end the broader impunity of many perpetrators or answer all claims for restitution. The public record from the...
UN Security Council condemns Israeli Beirut airport raid
📅 31 December 1968The Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 262, condemning Israel’s premeditated military action against Beirut civil international airport and stating Lebanon was entitled to appropriate...
Israel establishes inquiry into Sabra and Shatila
📅 28 September 1982Following widespread criticism, the Israeli government established a commission of inquiry chaired by Yitzhak Kahan. Its findings were issued in February 1983, distinguishing direct militia...
Lebanon and Israel sign the May 17 Agreement
📅 17 May 1983The agreement provided for withdrawal arrangements and bilateral security measures. Lebanese and Syrian opponents argued that the accord compromised sovereignty while Israeli and US officials framed...
Lebanese cabinet cancels the May 17 Agreement
📅 5 March 1984The Lebanese cabinet formally cancelled the unratified 1983 agreement, after intense domestic and Syrian opposition. The government called for security arrangements consistent with Lebanese...
John Demjanjuk trial opens in Jerusalem
📅 16 February 1987The trial of John Demjanjuk opened in Israel, where he was accused of having served as a guard at Treblinka under the name Ivan the Terrible. Survivors identified him in court, and the proceedings...
Israel and PLO exchange recognition letters
📅 9 September 1993Israel and the PLO exchange letters of mutual recognition. The PLO recognizes Israel and renounces terrorism; Israel recognizes the PLO as representative of the Palestinian people, without recognizing...
Oslo Declaration of Principles signed
📅 13 September 1993The PLO and Israel sign the Declaration of Principles in Washington. The interim framework defers Jerusalem, refugees, settlements, borders and security to later negotiations.
Gaza-Jericho negotiations begin in Taba
📅 13 October 1993Israeli and Palestinian negotiators begin talks on arrangements for limited Palestinian self-rule in Gaza and Jericho; disputes over jurisdiction and security remain central.
Further Gaza-Jericho talks begin
📅 12 December 1993Another round of negotiations begins, continuing into February 1994; control over territory and security arrangements are contested.
Paris Protocol on Economic Relations signed
📅 29 April 1994The economic protocol creates a framework governing Israeli-Palestinian trade, customs, taxation and other economic relations; critics argue that it entrenches structural Palestinian economic...
Gaza-Jericho Agreement signed in Cairo
📅 4 May 1994Israel and the PLO agree on initial Palestinian self-government in Gaza and the Jericho area. Israeli control over key external and security functions remains a central limitation.
Early Empowerment Agreement signed
📅 29 August 1994Israel and the PLO agree to transfer selected civil responsibilities in the West Bank to Palestinian administration; territorial and security powers remain fragmented.
Oslo II Interim Agreement signed
📅 28 September 1995The interim agreement divides the West Bank into Areas A, B and C with differing powers. Palestinian authorities gain limited administrative jurisdiction while Israel retains extensive security and...
Israeli prime minister Rabin assassinated
📅 4 November 1995Israeli extremist Yigal Amir assassinates Yitzhak Rabin, who had signed Oslo. The killing profoundly affects negotiations and Israeli domestic politics.
UN Security Council adopts Resolution 1052
📅 18 April 1996The Security Council called for an immediate cessation of hostilities by all parties and for protection of civilians and UNIFIL. The resolution formed part of international diplomatic pressure to stop...
Israel–Lebanon Ceasefire Understanding announced
📅 26 April 1996A US-mediated understanding prohibited armed groups in Lebanon from attacking Israel and prohibited Israeli and allied forces from firing at civilians or civilian targets in Lebanon. It established...
April 1996 ceasefire understanding takes effect
📅 27 April 1996The understanding announced the previous day entered into force at 04:00. Its restrictions on attacks on civilians and civilian areas and the planned monitoring mechanism marked a negotiated pause,...
Hebron redeployment begins
📅 17 January 1997Following the Hebron Protocol, Israeli forces redeploy from most of Hebron while retaining control over the H2 area; the city remains divided and Palestinian movement restricted.
Hezbollah and Israel carry out German-mediated prisoner exchange
📅 29 January 2004Israel released hundreds of detainees, including 400 Palestinians and Lebanese prisoners, and transferred remains in exchange for Israeli businessman Elhanan Tannenbaum and the bodies of three...
Sharm el-Sheikh summit
📅 8 February 2005Abbas and Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon announce a cessation of violence at a summit in Egypt; implementation and underlying issues remain contested.
Gaza disengagement evacuation begins
📅 15 August 2005Israel begins evacuating settlers from Gaza under its unilateral disengagement plan. Palestinian factions and observers disagree over its implications for occupation and sovereignty.
Agreement on Movement and Access
📅 15 November 2005Israeli and Palestinian representatives reach an agreement concerning Gaza crossings and movement after disengagement; implementation remains uneven.
Israel suspends negotiations after reconciliation announcement
📅 24 April 2014Israel announced that it would not negotiate with a Palestinian government backed by Hamas, illustrating the political impasse around the reconciliation initiative.
Israeli settlement expansion announcement
📅 5 June 2014Israel announced plans for approximately 1,500 settlement housing units, drawing criticism as Palestinians sought self-determination and an end to settlement expansion.
Open-ended Gaza ceasefire takes effect
📅 26 August 2014An Egyptian-brokered open-ended ceasefire entered into force at 19:00 local time, ending 50 days of major hostilities. Gaza faced extensive destruction and displacement.
Cessation of hostilities takes effect
📅 27 November 2024A cessation of hostilities took effect at 04:00 local time. The agreement envisaged restrictions on attacks, Lebanese army deployment and Israeli withdrawal, while implementation remained contested.
Ceasefire takes effect after fifteen months of assault and siege
📅 19 January 2025A ceasefire and prisoner exchange agreement took effect at 11:15 local time. The pause enabled a major increase in aid and some recovery of bodies from areas that had been inaccessible. It offered...
Displaced Palestinians begin returning to northern Gaza
📅 27 January 2025Following the opening of the Netzarim corridor under the ceasefire arrangement, large numbers of displaced Palestinians moved north toward homes and neighborhoods left in ruins. Their return...
Israeli laws restricting UNRWA operations begin to take effect
📅 30 January 2025The UN reported that laws barring UNRWA’s work in Israel and restricting official contact were taking effect. Since the agency provides essential services to Palestinian refugees, the measures...
Israel halts entry of aid and commercial goods into Gaza
📅 2 March 2025Israeli authorities halted cargo entry into Gaza after the first ceasefire phase ended without agreement on its continuation. OCHA warned that the closure threatened recent humanitarian gains and...
Israeli attacks resume at scale across Gaza
📅 18 March 2025Israeli airstrikes and bombardment resumed across the Gaza Strip after a ceasefire of nearly two months. OCHA reported civilian deaths, injuries, renewed displacement, and damage to homes and...
OCHA warns Gaza is being deprived of essentials for survival
📅 19 April 2025After weeks of blocked aid, OCHA’s acting head described Palestinians as being starved and deprived of basic necessities for human survival. The warning connected the closure of crossings to the...
Israel launches expanded operation and announces limited aid entry
📅 18 May 2025Israel launched an expanded military operation, described by its government as “Gideon’s Chariots,” while announcing that limited humanitarian aid could resume after more than eleven weeks of...
Limited aid deliveries resume after eleven-week blockade
📅 19 May 2025A small number of aid deliveries entered Gaza after the Israeli authorities allowed a limited resumption. OCHA described the deliveries as a “drop in the ocean” compared with needs and noted severe...
Militarized aid distribution system begins operating
📅 27 May 2025A new aid distribution system backed by the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation began operating at militarized sites. UN agencies and many aid organizations criticized the arrangement for bypassing...
UN relief chief condemns killings of people seeking food
📅 11 June 2025The UN emergency relief coordinator condemned attacks in which civilians seeking food and people delivering aid were killed or injured. The statement followed repeated reports of mass casualties at or...
UN briefing records civilian casualties and damage to urban areas
📅 19 June 2025A UN briefing reported that by 19 June Israeli authorities had recorded 24 deaths and 915 injuries from Iranian attacks, alongside damage to residential neighbourhoods and essential infrastructure...
OCHA describes lethal risks at militarized aid sites
📅 22 June 2025OCHA’s head of office told journalists that people trying to reach food were being shot or shelled near militarized distribution sites. He called the sites dangerous and said the majority of...
Israeli security cabinet approves plan to take control of Gaza City
📅 8 August 2025Israel’s security cabinet approved a plan for the military to take control of Gaza City. The announcement prompted warnings of further displacement and expanded military operations in an area...
Israeli military orders Gaza City residents to evacuate
📅 9 September 2025Israeli forces ordered residents of Gaza City to leave for Al Mawasi as military operations intensified. OCHA noted that people were being directed toward areas already crowded and facing severe...
UN Commission of Inquiry finds Israel committed genocide in Gaza
📅 16 September 2025The UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry concluded that Israeli authorities and forces committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, identifying four acts under the Genocide...
Two years since the Gaza war began, UN calls for civilian protection
📅 7 October 2025On the second anniversary of the Hamas-led attacks in Israel and the ensuing war, UN officials described Gaza’s mass displacement, destruction, and humanitarian need and urged protection of...
Israel and Hamas agree to first phase of ceasefire
📅 9 October 2025Israel and Hamas agreed to a first-phase ceasefire arrangement, prompting displaced Palestinians to move toward homes and aid agencies to prepare expanded deliveries. UN agencies stressed that all...
Ceasefire takes effect and humanitarian scale-up begins
📅 10 October 2025A ceasefire came into effect at noon. The agreement called for aid to enter at levels consistent with the January 2025 ceasefire and for materials to repair hospitals, bakeries, roads, and...
Hostages and Palestinian prisoners are released under ceasefire deal
📅 13 October 2025A major exchange under the ceasefire agreement saw surviving Israeli hostages released and Palestinian prisoners and detainees freed. Families on both sides experienced relief amid grief and...
Israel notifies 37 international aid organizations their registrations will expire
📅 30 December 2025Israeli authorities notified 37 international NGOs that their registrations would expire at the end of 2025, triggering a 60-day wind-down period. UN humanitarian reporting warned that loss of these...
UN Secretary-General warns NGO restrictions could undermine ceasefire gains
📅 2 January 2026The Secretary-General warned that threatened suspension of international NGOs risked damaging fragile humanitarian gains and called for the measure to be reversed. The warning emphasized that...
Remains of the last Israeli hostage in Gaza are recovered
📅 26 January 2026Israeli authorities reported recovering and identifying the remains of the last Israeli hostage held in Gaza and returning them to Israel. The recovery fulfilled a central hostage-related commitment...
Rafah crossing reopens for limited movement of people
📅 2 February 2026Rafah reopened for limited pedestrian movement for the first time in nearly eleven months. Patients were evacuated for treatment abroad and some Palestinians who had left during the war were permitted...
OHCHR reports ill-treatment of Palestinians returning through Rafah
📅 5 February 2026OHCHR said returnees had described coercive interrogations, degrading treatment, confiscation of belongings, and, in some accounts, denial of medical care and basic facilities during transit. It...
Israeli court temporarily freezes changes to NGO registration status
📅 28 February 2026The Israeli High Court of Justice issued a temporary injunction preventing changes to the existing registration status of several international NGOs while litigation proceeded. The UN-led Humanitarian...
Regional escalation closes Gaza crossings and pauses medical evacuations
📅 28 February 2026Following the escalation of regional hostilities, crossings and humanitarian movements were disrupted. OCHA later reported that medical evacuations through Rafah and transfers through other...
Kerem Shalom reopens for limited fuel and humanitarian cargo
📅 3 March 2026Israeli authorities reopened Kerem Shalom for fuel and cargo arriving via Egypt and Israel. Supplies from Jordan and the West Bank remained suspended at the time of OCHA’s report, leaving a single...
Rafah reopens again after regional escalation pauses evacuations
📅 19 March 2026Rafah reopened for limited movement in both directions after being closed during the regional escalation that began on 28 February. Medical evacuations and return movements resumed, though the route...
Israeli High Court rejects NGOs’ challenge to registration framework
📅 20 May 2026Israel’s High Court rejected a petition by international humanitarian NGOs challenging a revised registration framework requiring disclosure of personal information about Palestinian employees. UN...
OCHA reports more than 1,000 Palestinian deaths since ceasefire announcement
📅 19 June 2026OCHA reported that Gaza’s Ministry of Health had recorded 1,005 Palestinian deaths and 3,157 injuries since the 10 October 2025 ceasefire announcement. These figures were attributed to the Ministry...
UN experts condemn a surge in killings despite the ceasefire
📅 10 August 2026UN experts condemned escalating attacks on Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank, stating that about 160 Palestinians had been killed in Gaza in July alone despite the ceasefire nominally in force...
At least four Palestinians are reported killed in Gaza attacks
📅 20 October 2026Reuters reported that Israeli strikes and gunfire killed at least four Palestinians on 20 October, including a married couple in Gaza City and a 17-year-old in Khan Younis, citing health officials....
CIVICUS and Physicians for Human Rights–Israel call for release of 14 detained Gaza doctors
📅 21 October 2026CIVICUS and Physicians for Human Rights–Israel added Dr Hussam Abu Safiya to a campaign calling for the release of him and 13 other Gaza doctors held without charge or trial, according to the...
Trump says US plans to end annual aid to Israel by end of 2026
📅 3 November 2026US President Donald Trump said on 3 November that he intended to end the roughly $4 billion in annual US aid to Israel by the end of 2026, while saying arms sales would continue. The current US–Israel...